Java

Variables and primitive types are the first building block of any Java program.

Conditionals and loops let your program make decisions and repeat work.

Methods organize your logic, and arrays store fixed collections of values.

Java is object-oriented at its core; classes and objects are the foundation.

Inheritance and polymorphism let you reuse code and write flexible designs.

Interfaces define behavior contracts and decouple design from implementation.

List, Map, and Set are your daily tools for storing and handling data.

Generics provide type safety and eliminate risky casts in your code.

Handling errors well keeps your application robust and crash-resistant.

Modern functional Java makes data processing clearer and more concise.

Modern apps exploit multiple CPU cores through threads.

Reading and writing files and data is essential for any real application.

Maven and Gradle manage your libraries and build your project professionally.

Tests give you confidence your code works and make it safe to change.

Recent Java releases (17–21 LTS) add features that shorten code and add safety.